How to Make the Boring Interesting

I was reading a book a friend recommended that I found very boring, when I discovered a trick to help make something interesting. Give it a purpose. When I didn't find the women characters in the book interesting, I started reading to see if the males in their lives were.

While watching the third Democratic presidential debate, I pretended I was watching to find, not only the next leader of the free world, but also the best vice president, attorney general, and Cabinet secretaries.

Celebrate Dr. Seuss' Birthday Mar. 2. Form a "Play Date" Book Club

Valerie and I have been friends ever since we sat on the floor in a little local library reading and whispering about Betsy Tasy books, when we were ten years old.

     On "Book TV" last weekend, I saw convicts who looked like they should have been playing in the Super Bowl reading and discussing a book in a Washington, D.C. prison.

     At any age, getting together to read and compare thoughts about books has the same kind of bonding effect and opportunity for open communication as old time quilting bees and barn raisings.

     Inviting one or more friends to bring the same book over for a discussion is just the thing when it's too cold or too hot to play outdoors. Besides stimulating discussion, books might also inspire children to write their own rhymes, draw illustrations, or make up stories. Many kids probably already have Doctor Seuss, Whimpy Kid, and Harry Potter books. One of my favorites, Madeline, might introduce a foreign culture and invite comparisons with school life at home and abroad. A "keyword" internet entry, like "new children's books," could suggest another selection book club members would like to buy.

     Today on the internet, I found Everybody Is Somebody by Henry Winkler and Lin Oliver and Come Find Me by Megan Miranda. At their book club, the Washington, D.C. convicts began their meetings by reading a short passage selected by a moderator who also asked a question to begin the discussion. An adult could open a children's book club the same way. In the case of Everybody Is Somebody, I'd be curious to know what young book club members would do if authors were going to visit their schools, and the day they were coming, the book club members were asked to host and introduce the authors at an assembly, but they never had read the authors' books and didn't know anything about the authors or their books.

     Come Find Me is described as a thriller about a teen brother and sister. With trafficking and the case of Jamie Closs in the news, it would be interesting to discuss what students would do if a classmate suddenly disappeared. What would they assume happened to their classmate? What would they do differently, if they made different assumptions?

     Not only friendships, but critical thinking, also can begin with a book.

   

Holiday Gift List for Modern Kids

Toy companies offer today's children a roster of robots almost from birth. Kids aged five and up can command  Botley the Coding Robot to go around objects and to master an obstacle course. The MindWare company (mindware.com) provides easy-to-follow instructions that enable eight-year-olds to assemble and program robots operated by batteries, solar, hydraulic, or chemical power. Some robots from MindWare use artificial intelligence and infrared sensors. One climbs smooth surfaces using a suction system.

     Rapidly advancing technology makes learning to read more important than ever. The best books to give young children are the ones adults enjoy reading to them over and over again. When my granddaughter was young, my favorite was Click, Clack, Moo Cows that Type by Doreen Cronin. Keith Bellows does more than provide motivation to read about the world. In 100 Places That Can Change Your Child's Live, he describes tantalizing destinations, lists places to eat and stay, and even suggests the most worthwhile souvenirs to bring home.

     A globe is the perfect gift companion to help children locate where they live and to plot a trip around the world. Globes also give kids a sense of distance and a sense of the correct size of continents. From  home, would it take longer to get to the Arctic or to Africa? At the equator, land masses on two-dimensional maps appear accurate in size, but distortion increases away from the North and South poles. Greenland begins to look as large as Africa even though it is thirteen times smaller.

     In a "Peanuts" comic strip, Lucy once broke into a conversation the other kids were having about what gifts they wanted to say she wanted real estate. While a deed to several acres of real estate may be out of the question, giving children government bonds would give them a stake in their countries' futures. If an older child requests a smartphone, couple it with an index card listing three stocks and their trading prices on a day in December. Show him or her a smartphone can be used to keep track of stock prices not only to engage in social chatter.

     Food commercials tempt kids to put down their smartphones and come to the table when there is something good to eat. Why not involve children in baking and cooking their own good eats? Gift them with recipes, pans, pots, and oven mitts to make their favorite cookies or pasta dishes. In the same vein, crafty adults might gift wrap lumber, a tool, and directions for making a picture frame or yarn, knitting needles, and directions for making a scarf.

     Some organizations have found ways to involve children in their causes by matching contributions with rewards. For example, a portion of the price of every gift purchased from the UNICEF Market (unicefmarket.org/catalog) goes to deliver food, vaccines, mosquito nets, and other lifesaving supplies to children around the world. Presents of UNICEF games, puzzles and art materials not only are fun, but they also are a way for children to aid kids suffering in crisis areas. In the World Wildlife Foundation's catalog (wwfcatalog.org), potential donors find a wide variety of gift ideas for kids. One of the most popular World Wildlife programs, symbolic animal adoptions, couples a donation with a child's gift of a soft plush version of an adopted animal, ranging from a familiar elephant to an exotic blue-footed booby.

     Finally, a $25 gift card from kiva.org introduces children to a form of venture capitalism. Using their card, they can choose the country, man or woman, and project they want to support. Computer updates inform them every time part of their loan is repaid. Holiday gifts can show modern kids it is both blessed to receive and to give.

Live A Large Life

While residents of the Southern Hemisphere are coming inside for the winter and those in the Northern one are about to go outdoors, both groups are entering periods conducive to thinking about the future. Whether reading by the fire or surrounded by the wonders of nature, students can find seasonal inspiration for life choices that plunge them into the whole wide world.

     For a little help in seeing beyond the here and now, Luke Jennings, a British journalist and avid fisherman, provides his brief book, Blood Knots. Beginning with his title that combines references both to family ties and a way to prepare fishing tackle, Jennings shows young people how to push beyond the ordinary to reach the personal joy of achieving expertise in any field.

     Jennings' own inspiration came from a father who bore scars from pulling fellow soldiers from a burning tank in World War II, and the free-spirited, falcon-owning Robert Nairac, who valued the precision of dry-fly casting that demanded the frustrating "hard right way." Even before meeting Nairac, however, Jennings wrote there was no one in his family who ever fished, "So I learnt from library books by Bernard Venables, Richard Walker, Peter Stone, and Fred Taylor.

     What can be learned from books is not limited to fishing. Even in summer, there are rainy days, when a trip to the library can stimulate an interest that leads to adventures in foreign countries the way fishing took Jennings to Guyana, Australia, Hong Kong, and South Africa.

     Books enable young people who lack financial means to experience the same new ideas and cultures others derive through travel. In Blood Knots, I learned, for example, fishing hooks come in different sizes, a #18 is smaller than a #12. Dry-fly casting for trout begins with making a fly using a delicate bit of silk and feather and requires, like kite flying, an open space where swinging a fishing line overhead and forward will not tangle it in an overhanging branch. No wonder, trout anglers don hip boots and wade into rivers.

     If students are lucky, reading will enhance their means of expression and chances of winning Scrabble by sending them to a giant dictionary to expand their vocabulary with new words, such as numinous, pellucid, ilex, ferrules, elegiac, jejune, and jinking, some of the words Jennings used in Blood Knots. Young people also will begin to find themselves observing and describing their experiences the way Jennings did in the following sentence: "Pigeons flew over us, cresting the roadside trees with a single wing-snap and gliding to their roosts."

     Once students recognize time as a fusion of past, present, and future, the way Jennings came to view it, a lifetime holds a world of opportunity.



   

Holiday Helpings of Gifts

Last year I wrote how my grandfather believed in aspirational, rather than age-appropriate, gifts in the post, "Aspirational Holiday Gifts." I told how he gave me a fountain pen and pencil set when I was five. This year I came across a children's book that falls into the same aspirational gift category perfectly. Big Words for little geniuses by Susan and James Patterson represents each letter of the alphabet with a sophisticated word, its definition, and a delightful illustration. There are words, such as:
     D is for dulcifluous
     E is for empyreal
     L is for logophiler
I wish the words were in foreign languages and the book were Big Words for little international geniuses, but that could be the Pattersons next book. In any case, the current book, like Eloise or Click, Clack, Moo, is one of those books that adults find as much fun to read as kids do.

     Another aspirational book, A History of the World in 500 Walks, also can appeal to and inspire kids and adults. With photos, trail maps, travel tips, and historical details, Sarah Baxter guides readers on adventures around the world. I can hear walks in this book read one at a time per day by a teacher or as a bedtime story.

     The Bas Bleu catalog (BASBLEU.COM or 800-433-1155) has a Scratch-Off World Map on a 32" x 23" poster that could be used separately or as a companion to A History of the World in 500 Walks. Parents and teachers could let children scratch off the foil covering the country where the walk they heard about took place. The poster also includes country facts and travel tips. There are many creative ways to use this map to help children find the countries where Olympic games take place, where they or their grandparents were born, where rivers/mountains are located.

     For children 8 and older, MindWare (1-800-274-6123 or custserv@mndware.com) offers a connect-the-dots Around the World activity book (Item FZ-54004) with pictures of places such as St Basil's in Russia, the Great Wall of China, the Sydney Opera House in Australia, and the Eiffel Tower. The book is considered Extreme Dot to Dot, because each picture has 1,400 or more dots, and pictures are printed on artist-quality paper children can color after they finish connecting the dots. If you add a set of fine tip markers to the gift, you might find, as I have, that it will give children something to do after all the presents are unwrapped.

     Finally, for those who mark off the days until Christmas on Advent calendars, there is nothing better than the $7.99 one offered by Serrv (serrv.org or 888-294-9660). Children find little chocolate hearts behind each day in the Nativity story, and this year purchases will help fund locally-made bamboo bicycles to help children in Ghana, Africa, ride to school.

Cosplay Is No Child's Play

Guess what people are spending $399 for this weekend. It's not a new phone but a chance to attend three days at Wizard World Comic-Con;  to meet and get an autograph from Spider-Man's creator, Stan Lee; and to pick up a gift bag.

     I used to tell bored students to use their imaginations to turn doodles into money-making characters like Snoopy and Hello Kitty. With all the emphasis on equipping students for future careers involving STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math), every so often it's wise to step back and encourage students who'd prefer to make their way in the arts or to combine their interests in the arts and STEM subjects. After all, some comic book characters exist because radiation, lab accidents, and Iron Man's implant gave them superpowers. And drawing and coloring often now is done on a computer instead of by hand.

     The cosplay idea that combines costumes and play grew out of science fiction conventions. In 1984, Nobuyuki Takahashi coined the cosoplay term which now applies to those who wear costumes representing characters in Japanese anime and manga or characters in cartoons, books, comic books, action films, TV series, and video games. Although people who come to today's Comic-Con conventions around the world still make their own costumes, manufacturers also produce costumes, as well as wigs, body paint, contact lenses, costume jewelry, and prop weapons, for sale.

     If you think about all the revenue generated by and for those who produce and sell cartoons and comic books, films, TV shows, books, and video games, you get an idea of the major global market open to creative students. As I learned from a student who is taking a comic book course in college, there also is a market for those who teach about these "playful" subjects.

Soft Power

What changes minds, governments, behavior? The idea that a trainer can get a horse to do something by using a carrot that rewards or a stick that hurts translates into soft power and hard power. In international relations, hard power takes the form of tanks, bombs, drones, assassinations, prison sentences, torture, and economic sanctions. Soft power can defeat an enemy without firing a shot or sending anyone to a dungeon.

     Young men from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, began kicking a soccer ball around in Andahuaylillas, Peru. Children heard the familiar sound and joined them. Adults came to watch and some also joined the game. The Loyola students were in a program exploring the way sports can be used as a means of youth and community development. Communities determined to prevent gangs from destructive activity during summer vacations can beef up policing and arrests or they can work with businesses to provide summer jobs and with parks to leave the lights on for midnight basketball games.

     Why were a female music group, a Ukrainian filmmaker, and a blogger sent to Russian prisons and penal colonies? Why are Hong Kong book sellers in Chinese prisons? Authoritarian states recognize the soft power of music, film, social media, and books to overthrow repressive governments.

     Fashion, video games, educational systems like Montessori or Suzuki, and ethnic foods also spread values and cultural influence.

     Of the millions of people who have visited Disney theme parks, few have noticed the employees dressed as costumed characters when they enter or exit the park. The doors they used are in dim, uninviting alcoves away from the fun, excitement, and bright lights designed to entertain visitors.

     The bottom line is: recognize the impact, influence, and power of soft power.

(You can find additional information about the influence of films and soft power in the earlier posts: "You Oughta Be in Pictures" and "What Moscow Could Learn from History."

   

Characters with Diverse Nationalities Populate A Summer Reading List

Children who read for fun under a shady tree or beach umbrella this summer will be in good company. Microsoft's co-founder, Bill Gates, considers "the chance to sit outside reading a great book" summer's gift for "gutting out" the rest of the year inside.

     No doubt young people will find the reading list selections made by Elizabeth Perez, a children's librarian at the San Francisco Public Library, more to their liking than the books Bill Gates put on his list:
     The Vital Question by Nick Lane, who explores the role energy plays in all living things, and
     How Not to be Wrong, Jordan Ellenberg's take on the role of math in all things, and
     Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, in which Noah Yuval Harari speculates on the way things           like artificial intelligence and genetic engineering will change future humans.

     Perez chose books featuring characters with diverse nationalities, including children from Mexico, the Caribbean, Guatemala, Ghana, Somalia, and Korea. Her choices also include children who have dual nationalities, American and Vietnamese, for example. She has age-appropriate selections for students from age 4 to age 14.

For ages 4-8
Emmanuel's Dream: the True Story of Emmanuel Ofosu Yeboah by Laurie Ann Thompson.
     A Ghanaian boy, born with one less developed leg, becomes a professional athlete.

For ages 5-8
I'm New Here by Anne Sebley O'Brien
     Children from Guatemala, Somalia, and Korea begin to adjust to a new school with the help of new classmates.
Mango, Abuela, and Me by Meg Medina
     A parrot becomes a go-between for a little girl who doesn't speak Spanish and her grandmother who does.
Mama's Nightingale: A Story of Immigration and Separation by Edwidge Danticat
     Librarian Perez advises adults to read this book first before deciding if children should find out letters are the only way some children have contact with their parents in detention camps.

For ages 5-9
Juna's Jar by Jane Bank
     Juna uses a Korean kinchi jar to store her dreams.

For ages 6-10
Funny Bones: Posada and His Day of the Dead Calaveras by Duncan Tonatiuh
     A non-fiction book about an illustrator famous for drawing Mexican Day of the Dead skeletons.

For ages 8-12
Listen, Slowly by Thanhha Lai
     Unwillingly an American girl visits Vietnam with her Vietnamese father and grandmother to learn what happened to her grandfather during the Vietnam War and to discover the Vietnamese part of her identity.
Full Cicada Moon by Marilyn Hilton
     This book uses a half Japanese girl's interest in space to describe her feeling of being an alien in a town where almost everyone is white.

For ages 9-12
The Jumbies by Tracey Baptiste
     An heroic young girl is determined to save her Caribbean island from the ghostly Jumbies that appear in folk tales.

For ages 10-14
Echo by Pam Munoz Ryan
     During World War II a harmonica weaves together stories about a family living in Nazi Germany and a Mexican-American family and Japanese-American family living in the United States.






   

Play Book: Retell Tales with a Twist

Tell the same old stories in a new way at a campfire, a party, in class, or at a sleepover. Trent Hergenrader came up with the idea of involving children in Role Playing Games based on familiar books. Although characters, plot, setting, and objects retain some elements of the original stories, "what if" questions challenge kids to go off in new directions.

     The idea is to ask questions that lead children to develop their own story twists. If Cinderella didn't go to the ball with her step sisters, what could she have done to improve her situation if she stayed home? Why might Cinderella's fairy godmother be too busy to come to her aid with a gown and coach? Instead of getting free help from the elves, what changes could the shoemaker make in his business in order to hire employees for pay?

     Thought provoking questions can be based on any book a child reads. In his text, The Multiplayer Classroom, Lee Sheldon goes so far as to show how to convert stories into foreign language games. I prefer to use fairy tales to introduce what some may consider fan fiction, fiction by readers who write their own versions of a book. Every country has its own fairy tales, and, since generation after generation has read them, young and/or old can participate in the "what if" process.

     In the musical, Wicked, Gregory Maguire's take on the Wizard of Oz, good friends were recast in later life as good and bad witches. Cinderella's slipper wasn't glass until Disney magic changed it. (What if she had worn sneakers?) But Maguire and Disney should not be the only ones to reimagine beloved childhood tales. Critical thinkers around the world can come up with their own modern twists. It's fun. And, as the Finnish saying goes (See the earlier post, "Learning Can Be Fun."), "Those things you learn without joy you will forget easily."

Santa's Helpers

As the holiday season approaches, let's find some gifts that help those in need around the world.

You can help the Kuapa Kokoo cooperative in Ghana that provides the delicious Divine Chocolate in the advent calendars and bags of foil covered coins sold by SERRV (serrv.org). Request a SERRV catalog to find other gifts from less developed countries.

Two organizations give children an opportunity to choose how they would like to help others overseas. With a donation as little as $25, children can go to kiva (kiva.org) to pick out a borrower they would like to help. For a donation of $10 or more to Heifer International (heifer.org) you can send honor cards to children telling them how much they have to contribute to the purchase of an animal for a family in need.

At wwfcatalog.org, when you donate $55 to the World Wildlife Fund, you can choose a plush version of over 100 symbolically adopted animals for a child and become a partner in a global conservation effort that establishes new protected areas for animals, stops wildlife crime, finds innovative ways to safeguard marine life, ensures healthy freshwater systems, and provides a sustainable future for our planet.

Gifts from unicef (unicefusa.org) not only help save and protect the world's most vulnerable children, but unicef's rolling carry-on plastic suitcase (12" tall x 18" long x 8" deep) can start kids thinking about how they can travel to a foreign country some day. Until then, they can ride or pull their durable suitcase, which holds up to 75 lbs.

Speaking of foreign travel, maybe it's time to give a youngster his or her own passport. Many US post offices can help with the process or go to travel.state.government/passports.html for information.

To keep youngsters from getting bored on a trip, American Stationery (americanstationery.com) offers personalized, 100 sheet game pads printed with tic-tac-toe, hangman, and dots you connect to make squares.

Of course books are one of the best ways to help children develop an interest in their world. Entertainment Weekly magazine recently mentioned two new picture books that would help parents and teachers introduce youngsters to adventures around the world: Atlas of Adventures by Rachel Williams and Lucy Letherland and The Safari Set by Madeleine Rogers. Another gift-worthy book, Max, Mia and Toby's Adventures Around the World, from Little Passports (littlepassports,com) comes with 7 souvenirs. This site also offers other global gifts, including a World Coin Collection of 20 real foreign coins and a booklet of coin related activities and trivia for kids 6 and over.

                                             Wishing you all a joyful holiday season!

Books with International Themes for Boys (and Girls)

PBS.org/parents/best-books-for-boys/ just posted a very useful resource: a reading list for young, middle school, and advanced readers. It picks up on ideas in my earlier posts: "How Do You Get Boys to Read (about the World?)" and "Word Games Lead to Reading Fun."

Books from the PBS list that have international themes are listed below:

• Arroz Con Leche: Songs and Rhymes from Latin America by Lulu Delacre
• Tu Mama es una Lama? by Deborah Guarino
• Pierre: a cautionary tale about a hungry lion by Maurice Sendak
• Storms and Volcanoes, 2 books by Seymour Simon
• It's Disgusting and We Ate It: True Food Facts from Around the World by James Solheim
• Slinky, Scaly Snakes (from around the world) by Jennifer A. Dussling

Convert Stories into Foreign Language Games

Screenwriter, Lee Sheldon, wrote a story that was incorporated into an alternative reality game where students learned Mandarin Chinese by interacting with Mandarin-speaking actors. That was just the beginning. Since then he has created plot lines for over a dozen more games. Students are excited to participate and college class attendance soared. Teachers can learn how to turn classes into games by reading Sheldon's book, The Multiplayer Classroom: Designing Coursework As a Game.

Several finalists for 2015's Children's Choice Book Awards have international and intergalactic themes that could become classroom games.

• Temple Run: Race Through Time to Unlock the Secrets of Ancient Worlds by Tracey West takes readers on a quest to uncover the clues that will lead them safely through ancient civilizations
• I Am Malala: How One Girl Stood Up for Education and Changed the World follows the Nobel Peace Prize winner as she worked to overcome obstacles to women in Pakistan
• The Return of Zita the Space Girl by Ben Hatke is an adventure that requires Zita to break out of a planet's jail

Word Games Lead to Reading Fun

Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, suggests introducing kids to the fun of making new words by combining names. A child named Oleg and an adult named Boris can combine to be Oloris. Billy and Pat become Bat.

     In his book, Raising Kids Who Read, Willingham notes kids will think reading is fun when their early books include rhymes. Think Dr. Seuss and Mother Goose nursery rhymes. And, if they see adults and older siblings reading, they will want to imitate them.

     Let kids know this is a classroom of students or a family that likes to read, because we like to learn (and share) new things, says Willingham. Strategically place books where kids will see them when they're bored.

     Also see earlier posts dealing with reading: "How Do You Get Boys to Read (about the World)?" "Travel the World with Summer Reading," and "A Winter's Tale."

Hearing Voices from Mexico and Russia

Journalist Sam Quinones in his book, Dreamland, challenged me to think about where we get the news of the world that we tell our children. He wrote, "Mexican media rarely covered the stories of anyone outside the upper classes...." A few days later, I read in Time magazine (March 16, 2015) that RT (Russia Today) beams President Vladimir Putin's view of the world to 700 million people in at least 100 countries. Mikhail Lesin, who was credited with inspiring the creation of RT, was found dead in a Washington, DC hotel on November 5, 2015. Although the Russian embassy claimed Lesin died of a heart attack, in March, 2016, DC's chief medical examiner said the cause of his death was blunt force trauma to the head. His body also showed injuries to his arms, legs, neck, and torso. When the US imposed financial sanctions on Putin's closest associates after Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, Lesin failed to comply with an order to bring home his foreign assets and those of his children.

     Quinones tells the story of the well-mannered farm boys from Xalisco, in the Mexican state of Nayarit, who are much different from the imagined image of heroin dealers. Instead of cold, conniving cartel killers or thugs; they don't use drugs; and they crave all things American: cars, action heroes, McDonald's, and girls.

     The stories Quinones finds among U.S. immigrant communities would make for an illuminating family dinner table conversation about U.S. immigration legislation and executive orders. A question like, "Did you know Cambodians don't know what doughnuts are?" could lead to the story of the Cambodian refugee, Ted Ngoy, who now runs an empire of doughnut shops in the Los Angeles area. Ngoy brought his nephew to the U.S. only after the young man escaped from a Cambodian re-education camp, walked through the jungle while being stalked by panthers, feared ambush by Khmer Rouge gunmen every step of the way, and spent a year in a Thai refugee camp.

     Russia as victim and the West as villain is an ongoing theme on RT. Protests led by Zoran Zaev in Skopje, Macedonia, were blamed on the West. Albanians who make up nearly a quarter of Macedonia's population, demanded greater rights, and Zaev's opposition demands the resignation of Prime Minister Nikola Gruevaki. His administration is being charged with wiretapping the press, judiciary, elected officials, and religious leaders. When these recordings were released, they appeared to show vote rigging and a murder cover-up.

     In February, 2015, RT viewers heard that the murder of dissident Boris Nemtsov, while he was walking near Red Square, was the work of enemies determined to discredit the Russian government. In later developments, TIME magazine (June 28, 2015) reported a Russian deputy commander of an elite Chechen battalion was charged with Nemtsov's murder. (Chechen hit men also were accused of murdering Anna Politkovskaya. See the earlier blog post, "Hope for the Future.) A re-education campaign once changed Russia's Chechnya rebels into fighters willing to follow orders from President Putin. Chechen forces took over part of Ukraine as volunteers acting for Putin, By tattooing his name and address on his arm, Lesin had avoided a similar deployment in Angola in an unmarked uniform. If his dead body were found there, Russia's clandestine involvement in this 1970s Cold War proxy conflict would have been exposed. Currently, Ramzan Kadyrow seems free to act on his own agenda in Chechnya. After Nemtsov's murder, dissidents in Russia realized they have to fear both Chechen assassins and Putin's security forces.

     Apparently Moscow also fears some of the returning volunteers, who went to Ukraine to defend ethnic Russians, consider Putin's government ineffective and corrupt. (See mention of Putin's corruption in regard to Litvinenko's assassination in the earlier post, "Hope for the Future.") Realizing these troops are combat trained and capable of leading protests, they are being closely monitored and any weapons they are trying to smuggle home are being confiscated at the border. In a reaction to Russia's aggression in Ukraine, the U.S. has plans to deploy missiles in Poland and Romania.

     At the time of Nemtsov's assassination, Russian TV viewers did not see the Moscow march protesting Nemtsov's murder, because RT showed a documentary about U.S. racial abuses. Reports of Nemtsov's murder failed to mention he was compiling information to challenge President Putin's claim that Russia was not supplying military equipment and regular Russian army troops to support separatists in Ukraine. Although 80% of older Russians receive their news from state-television, where anti-Putin activists and journalists are not allowed to appear, during Putin's 17 years in power, the younger generation has slipped away to watch YouTube and other social media outlets that show authorities with millions in assets and Russian troops seizing Crimea. Technically, we now know some of the Russian soldiers fighting in Ukraine were volunteers who had temporarily resigned from Chechen's regular army. Coffins returned to Russia following battles at a strategic rail hub in Ilovaisk and at Debaltseve in Ukraine. Some of Nemtsov's information came from relatives of dead Russian soldiers who had not received the compensation that they had been promised.

    Using online video to inform scattered dissidents of opposition protests is an aim of Open Russia, a foundation founded by exiled oligarch, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, whom Putin issued an arrest warrant for in December, 2015. Just as Putin, in his annual question-and-answer session on TV, was claiming that Russia's oil and gas based economy, which has shrunk 4.6%, would recover in two years and downplaying the conflict in Ukraine, security forces from the anti-extremism office of the Interior Ministry raided the Moscow offices of Open Russia. On May 26, 2015, Vladimir Kara-Murza, the coordinator of Open Russia and an adviser to Nemtsov, had collapsed in his office as a result of being poisoned by a toxin that shuts down a whole body in six hours. That attempt failed as did another in early 2017. Kara-Murza, who holds dual UK-Russian citizenship, believes he is targeted due to his successful effort to pass the Magnitsky Act in both the US and UK. The Act, which is named for Sergei Magnitsky, a Russian tax expert, sometimes characterized as a lawyer, who died in a Russian prison in 2009, prevents powerful Russians who abuse human rights at home from keeping their wealth in Western banks. Kara-Murza also believes athletes should attend competitions, such as the 2018 World Cup, in Russia but western democracies should not honor Putin by sending their leaders to such games.

     Russia, which planned  to deliver S-300 surface-to-air defense missiles to Tehran, along with  the United States, China, France, the UK, Germany and the European Union, negotiated what Iran calls the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action to impose restrictions on Iran's nuclear program. Once Putin determined ISIS brought down Russian Flight 9268 over the Sinai peninsula in October, 2015, Russia agreed to join the US and French bombing ISIS positions in Syria. But  Russian bombers also operated against forces fighting Syria's dictator rather than ISIS. In March, 2016, Putin announced Russian troops would leave Syria before the cost escalates, but Russia would keep a naval base, air base, and air-defense systems there. In April, 2017, Syrian civilians died from chemical poison dropped on them from a Russian-made airplane which may or may not have been piloted by a Russian.

     Voices abound in this age of apps, the Internet, broadcast and cable TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, books, and movies. The more we see, hear, and read, the better we are able to help children form an accurate view of their world and ours.

How Do You Get Boys to Read (about the World)?

Since authors know girls like to read, one of the ways they lure boys to a book is by making their protagonists look just like them. Jeff Kinney's wimpy kid is Greg Heffley, and J.K.Rowling's young wizard is Harry Potter.

     Karen Katz uses the same approach in her new book, Roar, Roar Baby, for babies up to two year's old. She has a little boy looking for a tiger behind flaps that open to find  animals hiding all over the world. In Temple Run: Race Through Time to Unlock the Secrets of Ancient Worlds, Tracey West has a boy protagonist who finds clues that help him navigate safely through ancient civilizations. 

     Jon Scieszka, Stephanie Roth Sisson, and Brad Meltzer use a somewhat different approach to attract young male readers. In his series, Guys Read, Scieszka collects the true stories of adventure, sports, and male comedians that he knows little dudes would like.

     By presenting the true life stories of Carl Sagan and Albert Einstein, Sisson and Meltzer provide models of what boys can do with their lives. Sisson's book, Star Stuff, takes young men to the wonders of the 1939 World's Fair to illustrate what inspired Sagan to explore the mysteries of the universe. I Am Albert Einstein, by the historian Brad Meltzer, shows boys how ordinary people can change the world, even if they like to do things their own way, or maybe because they like their own ways of doing things. (Meltzer also has written a book about Amelia Earhart to inspire young girls.)

     Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, in his book, Raising Kids Who Read, urges families to let their children know, we are a family who likes to read because we like to learn (and share) new things. Kids who see adults and older siblings reading will want to imitate them.

Gifts for Happy Holidays

Halloween is about to usher in the holiday season of Hanukkah, St. Nicolas Day, Christmas, New Year's, and the Epiphany. This season not only presents an opportunity to celebrate with family and friends, but it also offers an opportunity to give children gifts that open their eyes to what the world has to offer.

     Foil-covered milk and dark chocolate, Kosher certified, coins that children love can be ordered from SERRV (serrv.org), a nonprofit organization that makes sure gifts are made around the world by poor artisans and farmers who receive a living wage and work in safe, healthy conditions. SERRV also sells an Advent Calendar that hides a milk chocolate heart behind each day leading up to the nativity scene. For each Advent Calendar sold, a school notebook is donated to a child in the schools of Kuapa Kokoo, Ghana, where the cooperative that raises the cocoa beans for these chocolates is located.

     Since museums feature exhibits from around the world, their shops are an excellent source of global gifts. In New York City, the Metropolitan Museum of Art Store (store.metmuseum.org) is known for putting together a collection of items that cater to kids. One of its most interesting offerings is a Global Glowball that entertains and educates children six months and older. There are 39 sections on the globe that each light up and play a song, such as Bollywood pop, a tango, or jazz, from the area of the world a child pushes. Youngsters can roll the globe, learn geography, and use it as a night light; the Global Glowball does it all.
     Children 8 and older also can get hands-on experience writing with Egyptian hieroglyphs and making Japanese origami projects with kits and instruction books from the Metropolitan Museum. Or they can assemble a 252-piece floor map puzzle of the world from the museum.

     Some gifts last all year. Just as adults might exchange magazine gift subscriptions and memberships in a fruit-of-the-month club, children aged six and up would love to receive a gift subscription that brings the prize winning collection of fascinating facts of the world in National Geographic Kids (kids.nationalgeographic.com) to them ten times a year. For kids aged 3 to 6,  National Geographic Little Kids comes out six time a year. Preschoolers enjoy its read-aloud stories and colorful animal photos, games, puzzles, and other activities
     To introduce its program that sends 5 to 10 year olds a monthly package of items related to a particular country, for a small fee, Little Passports (littlepassports.com) sends a child a travel suitcase with a world map, stickers, an activity sheet, and access to online games and activities.

     Nothing is more welcome after all the gifts are unwrapped than seeing a child settle down to relax and enjoy one of his or her presents. Like any child in the world might do, my granddaughter would start to work out some of the logic or number puzzles in a Perplexor workbook from Mindware
(mindware.com).
 My daughter used to start to read one of her new books. This year, children might like to read:
     The Last King of Angkor Wat by Graeme Base. He tells 6 to 8 year olds the history of Cambodia's
famous temple by using detailed illustrations of the tiger, elephant, monkey, water buffalo and gecko that reveal their strengths and weaknesses as they compete to be king.

     Animals also are the focus of two non-fiction books for 6 to 8 year olds: National Geographic Kids Animal Heartwarming True Tales from the Animal Kingdom by Jane Yolen and Heidi and Adam Stemple, which tells about the geese that saved the Roman Empire and much more. And Born in the Wild: Baby Mammals and Their Parents by Lita Judge, a book that uses illustrations and text to show and tell how little animals all over the world live and grow.

     The Copernicus Legacy by Tony Abbott uses puzzles, intrigue, and adventure to take readers 9 to 12 around the world on a hunt for pieces of the past.

     Winners of a South Asia book award also involve young readers in what's happening in the world.
Jennifer Bradbury's A Moment Comes follows the struggles of three students in 1947 India, before the country was divided into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan.
     In Elizabeth Suneby's Razia's Ray of Hope: One Girl's Dream of an Education, Razia has to convince her family that her education at Afghanistan's Zabuli Education Center for Girls just outside Kabul would benefit not only her and her family but even the whole community.
     Two Muslim girls have the dual problem of practicing their religion and fitting in at school in The Garden of My Imaan by Farhana Zia.

     Really young kids might like to have someone read them a new kind of alphabet book. Oliver Jeffers, the Australian author who grew up in Northern Ireland and now lives in Brooklyn, NY, has created a122-page gift, Once Upon an Alphabet, that goes beyond "A is for apple" to illustrate and write stories for all 26 letters of the alphabet.

    Finally, there are several very unusual presents.

•  Young people who receive a $25 Kiva gift card can go to the Kiva website (kiva.org) and scroll through a list to decide which of the small businesses around the world they would like to support. They could return to the site again and again for progress reports and to receive a borrower's repayment in their Kiva Credit Account.
•   The World Wildlife Fund (worldwildlife.org) helps animal-loving kids make a symbolic adoption of a tiger, panda, fennec fox, African black-footed penguin, or African elephant. World Wildlife also offers a "Sniffer Dog: Labrador Retriever Adoption Kit" that comes with a plush dog, like the ones that work at airports to sniff out illegal wildlife being transported by smugglers.
•   Through Heifer International (heifer.org/gift), a young person who receives an Honor Card worth $10 or more learns he or she has helped end hunger in the poorest parts of the world. Contributions go to purchase cows, goats, sheep, water buffalo, pigs, donkeys, llamas, rabbits, honeybees, chicks, ducks, trees, water pumps for irrigation, and biogas stoves. Since families who receive animals give one or more of their animal offspring to other needy families, one contribution has a multiplying effect throughout a community.

     Wishing the whole world peace and happiness this holiday season!

(Find ideas for making holiday cards and gift wrap at the earlier blog post, "Arts and Crafts for Christmas in July.")

Newly-discovered German Fairytales Teach and Challenge

Although the stories of Cinderella and Rumpelstiltskin are best known because of Walt Disney and the brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, different versions of these tales were told throughout Europe. What makes the 500 newly found fairytales collected by 19th century historian, Franz Xaver von Schonwerth, different from the way they are interpreted today is his faithful recording of the way stories farmers, servants, and other country folk passed them on by word of mouth.

     In Oberpfalz, Bavaria, where von Schonwerth collected and published local myths, legends, and fairytales in 1857-1859, cultural curator Erika Eichenseer has published a collection of his works. In Munich, Dan Szabo is now translating them into English.

     Eichenseer sees fairytales as a treasure of ancient knowledge and wisdom, a way of helping youngsters understand how virtue, prudence, and courage can overcome dangers and challenges. We might see tales involving evil witches, magic animals, spells, and brave princes as helping children think outside the box. When a maiden is threatened by a witch, for example, she transforms herself into a pond. The witch drinks the pond dry, and the girl kills the witch by cutting herself out of the witch's stomach.

     Using a prince, a bear, and a witch, The Turnip Princess seems to stress the importance of following instructions. When the prince did as the bear directed, pulled a rusty nail out of a cave's wall, and placed it under a turnip, the witch turned into a beautiful, kind girl who married the prince.

     When Szabo's English translations are completed, kids and Disney will have new material to interpret. Meanwhile, children can ask grandparents to tell them the stories they heard when they were youngsters.When I taught, I was surprised to learn that many students had not heard of a Greek slave's Aesop's Fables,  recorded by the 14th century monk, Maximus Planudes. Maybe grandparents will introduce their grandchildren to "The Fox and the Grapes" and "The Lion and the Mouse."

 

Productive Summer Projects

One of the many nice things about summer is the free time it gives kids to read about other lands and to broaden their interests. Younger children, 3 to 8 years old might like the following books:

• Brush of the Gods by Lenore Look introduces Wu Daozi, a 7th century Chinese artist
• Ruby's Wish by Shirin Yim Bridges tells about a Chinese girl who wanted to go to a university
• The Fortune Tellers by Lloyd Alexander takes children to Cameroon to hear about a poor carpenter who tried unsuccessfully to be a fortune teller. Kids will really like the illustrations, too
• Bravo, Chico Canta! Bravo! by Pat Mora and Libby Martinez shows how it helps to know more that one language, when a multilingual mouse saves his family that lives in a theatre

An elementary schooler may enjoy The Year of the Fortune Cookie by Andrea Cheng, a Chinese-American girl who visits China and sees the country from her perspective. Teens and young adults can be introduced to Russian history by reading The Family Romanov by Candace Fleming. Using pictures and text, she describes the country's last royal family. 

To find an extensive list of science-related books for various age groups, sample the collection compiled by the iINK Think Tank at inkthinktank.com.

     Kids can escape the fate of some high school students in Wisconsin who didn't graduate with their classes, because they failed to fulfill their community service requirements by learning to help people and animals who are hungry, lonely, have a disease, or are suffering in some other way. Sometimes bringing a flower from the garden or cookies they helped bake on a visit will cheer a grandparent, neighbor, or nursing home resident. To reach beyond their communities to buy mosquito nets, school books, or vaccines, students can raise money for donations from a yard sale, lemonade or produce stand, or sales of jewelry or other crafts they have made. (See other suggestions in the earlier post, "Hope for the Future.)

     The following ideas for helping animals came from the World Wildlife Fund:

1) Young people with a summer birthday can ask guests, instead of presents, to contribute an amount equivalent to their ages to an animal cause.

2) If youngsters are competing in running, swimming, or cycling races this summer, they can ask friends and family members to donate a $1 per mile or lap to an animal cause.

3) Students can start writing a free blog (on blogspot.com, for example) about favorite animals: such as dolphins, sharks, tigers, wolves, monkeys, pandas, and ask blog viewers to contribute to an animal rescue or conservation organization (Some of these organizations are mentioned on the earlier blog post, "Talk with the Animals.)

   

A Winter's Tale

Children love stories, and winter provides the perfect time to hear a new one, while cuddled up under a blanket at home or out in a darkened movie theater.

     Kids can follow Agatha, with her cat and bodyguard, as they solve international mysteries in The Curse of the Pharaoh, The Pearl of Bengal, and The King of Scotland's Sword by Steve Stevenson.

    In the prize-winning picture book, Nino Wrestles the World by Yuyi Morales, kids can have fun learning about the colorful luchadores in Mexico and other Spanish-speaking countries who wear masks to hide their identities when wrestling. Or they can go along with a boy and his duck on a funny Japanese adventure in Dodsworth in Tokyo by Tim Egan.

     Although it's a child-tailored reference book, History Year by Year: The History of the World, from the Stone Age to the Digital Age, kids will like the "Child of the Time" features which describe the lives of children during various historical periods. The descriptions could lead to role playing using the book's quotations from primary and secondary sources or their own imaginations.

     Unlike last year's Oscar-nominated live action shorts (Described in the earlier post, "See the World at the Movies"), this year's fail to give a broad picture of the lives of children in foreign countries."Helium," which won the Oscar, focused on a dying child and "Aquel No Era Yo" (That Wasn't Me) shows the tragic life of an African child soldier. If the Oscar-nominated short animated films are being shown at a local movie theater, however, children (and adults) would enjoy the banter of the ostrich and giraffe "puppets" that introduce them. "Mr. Hublot," which won the Oscar, could inspire a child to draw a series of robots with a mechanical/robotic pet that gets bigger and bigger. Mr. Hublot eventually had to move to a warehouse. In one animated short, "Room on a Broom," which is also a book, a witch, cat, dog, frog, and bird prove no one should be excluded anywhere in the world.

     The credits of all foreign films show how names differ from one country to another. These new names may come in handy when a child is naming his or her doll, plush toy, or action figure. (See the earlier post, "What's in a Name?")

New World's Resolutions

As 2014 begins, children, parents, students, and teachers have an opportunity to find new opportunities for international, and even out-of-this-world, involvement. Here are some suggestions. (In parenthesis, there are references to related, earlier blog posts.)

     1. Prepare for the Winter Olympics, February 7-23, by going to a map or Russia to locate Sochi, where the winter games will be held. ("Wide World of Sports")

     2. Name a new doll, action figure, or plushie toy for an international icon, such as Malala or Mandela. ("What's in a Name?")

     3. Find an outgrown clothing item to pin or tape to the country on a wall map of the world where the item was made. ("Fashion Forward")

     4. Get ready to give children coins in red envelopes in honor of the cheerful and exciting Chinese Year of the Horse, which begins on January 31. ("Go Holiday Globe (S)hopping")

     5. Mark the end of September on your calendar to remember to learn if a space probe sends information back from Mars, when it lands on or comes near the planet. ("Space Explorers")

     6. Make a contribution to or plan a fundraiser for an international cause, such as Kids in Need of Desks at unicefusa.org or Operation International Children at operationinternationalchildren.com. ("Hope for the Future")

     7. Go to ePals.com to find a joint project to work on with a class in a foreign country. ("Getting to Know You")

     8. Read a book with an international theme. ("Talk With the Animals," "This We Believe," "Travel the World with Summer Reading")

     9. Get in touch with the world's environment by planting a tree. ("A Healthy Environment")

    10. Learn a few words in a foreign language. Say "Thank you" in German, danke; or greet friends in Japanese, konichiwa." By December 25, 2014, you'll be wishing everyone Milad Said (Mee-LAHD Sah-EED) in Arabic. ("How Do You Say?")